Alternative respiratory system and formamide hydro-lyase activity as the key components of the cyanide-resistance mechanism in Fusarium oxysporum

A strain of Fusarium oxysporum, isolated from an industrial effluent containing a high cyanide concentration, detoxifies cyanide via formamide hydro-lyase (FHL). The importance of the coexistence of the alternative (cyanide insensitive) respiratory system and the synthesis of FHL was assessed. This enzyme, induced by cyanide, converts this compound to formamide and is partially responsible for the tolerance of F. oxysporum to high cyanide concentration. The FHL induction for cyanide detoxification depends on the alternative respiratory system when the terminal oxidase of the electron transport chain is blocked by cyanide used during the induction process. The respiratory metabolism of a F. oxysporum strain was studied. Whole cells exhibited a cyanide-sensitive respiration but developed a partially cyanide-resistant respiration under certain physiological conditions, namely, in the stationary phase of growth, in the presence of chloramphenicol in the growth medium, or upon aeration in the absence of nutrie...