Individual differences in controllability of social defeat stress as a predictor for escalated cocaine self-administration

Conclusions: Results indicated three high-risk subgroups of adolescents, each characterized by a different pattern of substance use. Two risk groups are characterized by relatively high probabilities of prescription medication misuse. Financial support: This research was supported by research grants R01DA024678 and R01DA031160 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.