An isolated tuberculousorchitis mimicking testicular tumour as a primary presentation of HIV: a case report

Background: An isolated tuberculousorchitis is a rare lesion and is distinctly unusual as the primary presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A high index of suspicion remains decisive to this diagnosis especially when the clinico-radiological findings of such lesion affirmed features of the testiculartumour. Case Report: A 32-year old man presented with a three-months history of left sided painless progressive testicular swelling. Further clinico-radiological findings revealed traits of a left testicular tumour. He was found to be HIV positive only at the index presentation whilst the histopathology of the left sided orchidectomy tissue confirmed tuberculous (TB) orchitis. Conclusion: High index of suspicion for TB orchitis with HIV in a patient with clinico-radiological findings of the testicular tumour from areas with high HIV and TB prevalence help in an expeditious diagnosis and therapy. Keywords: Tuberculosis, tuberculous orchitis, testicular tumour