Reanalysis of Alzheimer's Brain Sequencing Data Reveals Absence of Purported HHV6A and HHV7

: Readhead et al. recently reported in Neuron the detection and association of human herpesviruses 6A (HHV6A) and 7 (HHV7) with Alzheimer's disease by shotgun sequencing. I was skeptical of the specificity of their modified Viromescan bioinformatics method and subsequent analysis for numerous reasons. Using their supplementary data, the prevalence of variola virus, the etiological agent of the eradicated disease smallpox, can be calculated at 97.5% of their Mount Sinai Brain Bank dataset. Reanalysis of Readhead et al.'s data using highly sensitive and specific alternative methods finds no HHV7 reads in their samples; HHV6A reads were found in only 2 out of their top 15 samples sorted by reported HHV6A abundance. Finally, recreation of Readhead et al.'s modified Viromescan method identifies reasons for its low specificity.