Epitaxial growth and properties of lead-free ferroelectric Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on various single crystal substrates

The epitaxial growth of lead-free ferroelectric Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) thin films on various single crystal substrates was successfully achieved, using the pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD). The present work is divided in two parts, focused on: (i) the growth of NBT layers on c- and r-sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) substrates, with and without introducing a CeO 2 buffer layer, and (ii) the growth of NBT layers on bare (001)SrTiO 3 substrates, with and without introducing a LaNiO 3 layer, that could be used as a bottom electrode. In the first part, it was shown that the introduction of a CeO 2 buffer layer completely modifies the out-of-plane growth orientation of the NBT films, as well as their microstructure. Indeed, (001)NBT films epitaxially grow only on r-Al 2 O 3 substrates buffered with epitaxial (001)CeO 2 layers, while, growing simply NBT on top of bare c or r-Al 2 O 3 substrates, or on top of CeO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 heterostructures leads to polycrystalline or textured films. In the second part, we demonstrate that (001)-oriented NBT layers deposited on either bare (001)SrTiO 3 or (001)SrTiO 3 substrates (STO) covered with (001)LaNiO 3 (LNO) are systematically epitaxially grown. Furthermore, the microstructure of the samples is strongly affected by the introduction of the LaNiO 3 layer.