Recent Advances in Nanostructured Materials for Detoxification of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) for Environmental Remediation

Cr(VI) is a widespread environmental contaminant that is highly toxic and soluble. In order to convert toxic chromium into nontoxic chromium, various methodologies have been investigated by various authors, and these are clearly explained in this chapter. Varied morphologies and nanocomposites have been investigated as promising materials for photocatalytic applications. Few nanostructure materials remain a basis photocatalyst in detoxification of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with low cost and high stability, but they are less effective. To enhance the detoxification capacity under light source and bacteria, non-metal semiconductor-red phosphorus, metal sulphide-metal sulphide composite, metal-oxide nanocomposites, metal oxide-graphene and metal organic frameworks are being studied. These different shaped nanomaterials improve the roughness, decrease the size, form a triple-layered structure and form functional groups sites as a well-organized adsorbent site. All these properties might be applicable for the enhancement of detoxification or removal of Cr(VI) in wastewater under UV-visible and in the presence of bacterias. In this chapter, we reviewed recent nanostructures for detoxification of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in environmental remediation.