BEHAVE: a set of measures to assess users' attitudinal and non-verbal behavioral responses to a robot's social behaviors

Increasingly, people will be exposed to social robots. In order to inform the design of behaviors for robots that share domestic and public spaces with humans, it is important to know what robot behavior is considered as ‘normal' by human users. The work reported in this paper stems from the premise that what would be perceived as socially normative behavior for robots may differ from what is considered socially normative for humans. This paper details the development of a set of measures, BEHAVE, for assessing user responses to a robot's behavior using both attitudinal and physical responses. To test the validity and reliability of the BEHAVE set of measures, a human robot interaction experiment was conducted in which a robot invaded the personal space of a participant. Based on the results from this evaluation, a final set of BEHAVE measures was developed.