The management of infected elbow arthroplasty by two-stage revision

Background Deep prosthetic infection is a potentially devastating complication after total elbow arthroplasty, with an incidence of up to 12%. This study examined the demographics, microbiologic profile, and outcomes of infected total elbow arthroplasty treated with 2-stage revision in a tertiary referral unit. Methods We identified 19 consecutive patients (mean age, 65 years) undergoing revision arthroplasty for deep prosthetic infection. All patients underwent a first-stage procedure with removal of implants, debridement, and insertion of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer, followed by at least 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. Fourteen patients required a second-stage revision. Results Five patients did not undergo a second-stage procedure because of patient choice (n = 2), medical or surgical risk factors (n = 2), and death from an unrelated cause (n = 1). Of the 19 patients undergoing a first-stage procedure, 16 (84%) remained infection free, and 11 of the 14 patients (79%) undergoing reimplantation of an elbow prosthesis remained infection free. Six patients required further surgery (3 for recurrent infection, 3 for noninfective indications). The commonest infecting organism was Staphylococcus aureus (47%). A degree of postoperative ulnar nerve dysfunction occurred in 37% of patients, but all resolved fully without further treatment. Conclusions Management of prosthetic joint infection using 2-stage revision can result in high rates of eradication, although rates of reoperation and transient ulnar nerve dysfunction are high.