Bifacial modules: design options, characterisation and reliability

Bifacial modules can be applied for large PV plants as well as for residential (flat white roof) and more specific BIPV (facade) applications and can also open up new PV application opportunities like in sound barriers or other vertical installations (fences, balconies).For bifacial PV plants, the objective is to exploit the main bifacial benefit which is a large reduction of LCOE (due to higher energy yield) with a minimal technical change or investment.