First magnetic particle imaging angiography in human sized organs by employing a multimodal ex vivo pig kidney perfusion system

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new, fast 3D imaging technique, which is considered promising for angiographies. As available MPI scanners suffer from restricted spatial resolution and are mostly constructed for small animal imaging, no vessels within one organ have been depicted by MPI, yet. The purpose of this study was to develop an ex vivo organ perfusion system to display vessels within one organ of human size by MPI and to compare the results to an established 3D imaging technique. APPROACH: An ex vivo porcine kidney perfusion system compatible with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance tomography and MPI was developed. DSA was used to exemplarily prove intact vessel structures under ex vivo perfusion in two organs. Perfusion in nine organs was displayed by the 3D imaging techniques magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and MPI angiography. All visible vessels in MRA and MPI were counted and their number compared between both techniques. MAIN RESULTS: The ex vivo organ perfusion system allowed us to perform angiographies by DSA, MRA and MPI. With it, organs of human size could be imaged in small animal scanners, which permitted us to depict vessels within one organ by MPI for the first time. In comparison to MRA, 33% of all vessels were visible in MPI, a difference probably caused by restricted spatial resolution in MPI. SIGNIFICANCE: The presented ex vivo organ perfusion system can serve to practically evaluate MPI's potential for angiography in human-sized organs. This is especially relevant as long as available, for angiography-suited MPI scanners still suffer from size and spatial resolution restrictions.