Atributos físicos e hídricos de um Argissolo cultivado com pessegueiro: variações na posição de amostragem e efeito da irrigação localizada

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and hydric attributes of an Argissolo (Ultisol) in the peach orchard. The experiment was installed in a four-year-old peach orchard, in plots with and without irrigation, with soil sampling in two layers (0.00 to 0.05 m and 0.10 to 0.15 m), in the position of the orchard wheel line, interline planting, line planting and near the peach plant. Undisturbed soil samples were collected to evaluate the bulk density, porosity, diameter of aggregates, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention. It was observed that irrigation localized in the plants did not influence the physical and hydric attributes of the soil. However, the line and near the peach plant sampling positions showed greater macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity, and smaller bulk density, possibly due to the ridge made in the planting line and because there is no machine traffic in that positions. The traffic of machines increased bulk density in the interline, decreasing macroporosity mainly in the soil surface layer in the wheel position. The volume of available water was not very sensitive in identifying differences in relation to the effects of irrigation, soil layer and sampling position and of the variables related to soil structure.