Inclusiveness Plus Mixed-Methods: An Innovative Research Design on Transnational Practices of Older Adults.

This paper assesses the challenges and the benefits of two methodological approaches for improving the study of transnational mobilities of older adults: mixed-methods and inclusiveness. The first approach refers to a mixed-methods research design based on surveys and qualitative interviews. We share our experience of conducting a "fully-mixed-concurrent-equal-status-design" research project, for which we collected data through quantitative surveys on transnational practices of people aged 55+. Furthermore, we conducted semi-structured interviews with adults aged 64+ living or who have lived in Switzerland and spend part of the year in Spain. The second approach relates to the use of an inclusive sample diversified in terms of nationality and migration backgrounds. The inclusive design affects the formulation of questions asked to all participants (and the response options provided in the survey), as well as decisions related to language choices and translations. These factors have to be considered to ensure that older adults from different backgrounds feel included. In a research project on transnational mobility of older adults, conducting an inclusive plus mixed-methods research project pushes researchers to find strategies to balance research objectives with available resources. Maximizing the research team's methodological background appears to be a suitable approach to address different population groups whilst working within a budget.