Stable isotope probing of hypoxic toluene degradation at the Siklós aquifer reveals prominent role of Rhodocyclaceae
2018
The availability of oxygen is often a limiting factor for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in subsurface
environments. However, while both aerobic and anaerobic degraders have been intensively studied, degradation betwixt,
under micro- or hypoxic conditions has rarely been addressed. It is speculated that in environments with limited, but
sustained oxygen supply, such as in the vicinity of groundwater monitoring wells, hypoxic degradation may take place. A
large diversity of subfamily I.2.C extradiol dioxygenase genes has been previously detected in a BTEX-contaminated aquifer
in Hungary. Older literature suggests that such catabolic potentials could be associated to hypoxic degradation. Bacterial
communities dominated by members of the Rhodocyclaceae were found, but the majority of the detected C23O genotypes
could not be affiliated to any known bacterial degrader lineages. To address this, a stable isotope probing (SIP) incubation of
site sediments with 13C7-toluene was performed under microoxic conditions. A combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon
sequencing and T-RFLP fingerprinting of C23O genes from SIP gradient fractions revealed the central role of degraders
within the Rhodocyclaceae in hypoxic toluene degradation. The main assimilators of 13C were identified as members of the
genera Quatrionicoccus and Zoogloea, and a yet uncultured group of the Rhodocyclaceae.
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