Coronary Artery Revascularization: Surgical Approach — Minimally Invasive Management

Challenges brought on by an aging population, an increase in the number of patients with comorbidities requiring primary and reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery, an emphasis on clinical outcomes, the competitive status of coronary stenting, and cost containment in cardiac surgery have motivated considerable changes and refinements in the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease. The most recent changes aim towards less invasiveness and avoidance of the traumatic and inflammation-producing aspects of conventional coronary artery surgery while maintaining the same safety and efficacy of proven surgical procedures.