Early closure of a randomized trial: Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus radiotherapy in the management of intra-oral tumours

Abstract Tumours of the oral cavity/oropharynx occur relatively infrequently in the UK. The management of such lesions, especially the squamous cell carcinomas, is still a little controversial. Some centres advocate radiotherapy while others adopt surgery and radiotherapy. In an attempt to resolve the question of which approach gives the better results, a multicentre randomized trial was established to compare surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy with radical radiotherapy alone. It was anticipated that 350 patients would be required to give a statistically significant result, but, after 35 patients had been entered, the trial was closed prematurely with a marked difference in overall survival in favour of the combination arm ( P = 0.0006). At this analysis, carried out 23 months after trial closure, the survival difference between the two arms remains statistically significant for all causes of mortality ( P = 0.001; relative death rate=0.24; 95% CI 0.10–0.59).