Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Strategies: Irrigated Radiofrequency Versus Duty-Cycled Phased Radiofrequency Versus Cryoballoon Ablation

Abstract Objectives Using data from published studies, we performed a comparison of the 3 most commonly used atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation technologies in terms of efficacy and procedural duration. Background Catheter ablation is an effective treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Until recently, it has been performed with point-by-point delivery of irrigated radiofrequency energy (IRF). Phased duty-cycled radiofrequency (PRF) and cryoballoon ablation (CBA) have been introduced as alternatives to simplify AF ablation. Methods Electronic searches of 6 databases was performed, and eligible studies with IRF, PRF, or CBA as cohort arms were included. These ablation strategies were compared directly by using conventional frequentist meta-analysis and indirectly by using network meta-analysis, with outcomes graded using rank probability analysis. Results Direct conventional meta-analysis using all available published data showed that PRF was associated with an apparently higher freedom from AF than IRF (66.4% vs. 58%, respectively, p = 0.007), whereas CBA was comparable with IRF (64.8% vs. 62%, respectively, p = 0.99). PRF was associated with shorter procedural time (p  Conclusions Although preliminary meta-analysis of pooled data suggested the highest efficacy with PRF, this was not replicated when analysis was limited to randomized data. Therefore, there was insufficient evidence to suggest that one ablation modality is more efficacious than another. However, there was a consistent reduction in procedural duration associated with PRF in all analyses. The present meta-analysis highlights the critical need for further randomized studies comparing available ablation technologies in terms of efficacy and safety.