P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: kinetic modeling of 11C-desmethylloperamide in mice using a 18F-FDG μPET scan to determine the input function

Purpose: The objective of this study is the implementation of a kinetic model for 11 C-desmethylloperamide ( 11 CdLop) and the determination of a typical parameter for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) functionality in mice. Since arterial blood sampling in mice is difficult, an alternative method to obtain the arterial plasma input curve used in the kinetic model is proposed. Methods: Wild-type (WT) mice (pre-injected with saline or cyclosporine) and P-gp knock-out (KO) mice were injected with 20 MBq of 11 C-dLop, and a dynamic μPET scan was initiated. Afterwards, 18.5 MBq of 18 F-FDG was injected, and a static μPET scan was started. An arterial input and brain tissue curve was obtained by delineation of an ROI on the left heart ventricle and the brain, respectively based on the 18 F-FDG scan. Results: A comparison between the arterial input curves obtained by the alternative and the blood sampling method showed an acceptable agreement. The one-tissue compartment model gives the best results for the brain. In WT mice, the K1/k2 ratio was 0.4 ± 0.1, while in KO mice and cyclosporine-pretreated mice the ratio was much higher (2.0 ± 0.4 and 1.9 ± 0.2, respectively). K1 can be considered as a pseudo value K1, representing a combination of passive influx of 11 C-desmethylloperamide and a rapid washout by P-glycoprotein, while k2 corresponds to slow passive efflux out of the brain. Conclusions: An easy to implement kinetic modeling for imaging P-glycoprotein function is presented in mice without arterial blood sampling. The ratio of K1/k2 obtained from a one-tissue compartment model can be considered as a good value for P-glycoprotein functionality.