Hydraulic performance of siphonic turbine in low head sites

A suggested approach to low head hydropower at run-of-river dams and tidal estuary sites is to include an intermediate air transmission stage where water pressure is converted into air pressure. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the hydraulic performance of such system called siphonic turbine. However, their overoptimistic assessment of the performance of the system is not applicable to actual low head sites.