Influence of Ho-Doping on the Electromagnetic Field-Dependent $E$ – $J$ Characteristics of (Bi,Pb)-2212 Superconductor

The magnetic field ( B ) dependence of electric field versus transport current density (E-J characteristics) of Bi 1.6 Pb 0.5 Sr 2-x Ho x Ca 1.1 Cu 2.1 O 8+delta superconductor was studied for x from 0.000 to 0.200. The behavior of supercurrent flow under magnetic fields in Ho-doped (Bi,Pb)-2212 is explained using thermally activated flux-creep. The n -value and characteristic pinning energy ( U c ) estimated from E-J characteristics show that at applied fields, the flux-lines in Ho-doped samples are in the glass-state. A correlation is observed between n -index and J c of doped samples. The highly enhanced critical current density (J c ) and n-index in both self- and applied-fields due to Ho-doping is of great scientific and technological significance.