Prevention and treatment of nephrotic syndrome associated bone metabolic abnormality in children

Metabolic bone disease in nephrotic syndrome(NS) are increasingly being renal physician's attention.As calcium binding protein and VitD binding protein losing with a large number of protenuria, the bone metabolic biochemical abnormalities had happened at the beginning of the onset of the nephrotic syndrome, and is further exacerbated by therapeutic high-dose or long course of glucocorticoids(GC) application.The main mechanism of the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is for GC to inhibit the activity of osteoblasts and promote apoptosis of osteoblasts and formation of osteoclasts, resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to increasing the risk of osteoporosis, slow growth and fracture, seriously harm to children's physical and mental health.The biomarkers of bone transform can prompt the NS with bone metabolic abnormalities early; vertebral body bone dual-energy X-ray absorptio-metry bone mineral density detection is the best method and position to determine GIOP.As the most commonly used and effective means to prevent and control metabolic bone disease, calcium supplements and VitD were always taken when GC was treated for NS, even the dosage of GC was very low.So far, it is still lack of guideline of prevention and treatment of bone metabolic abnormalities in NS in children. Key words: Nephrotic syndrome; Glucocorticoid; Metabolic bone disease; Child; Treatment