Applying GPS and Accelerometers to the Study of African Savanna (Loxodonta africana) and Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Welfare in Zoos

i DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT v LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xii CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1 CHAPTER TWO Measuring zoo animal location and movement with GPS: methodological concerns .. 15 CHAPTER THREE Using GPS to determine factors affecting walking rate in African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoos 52 CHAPTER FOUR Using accelerometers to determine factors affecting walking rate in African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoos ....... 78