Incident and Reflected Two Waves Correlation with Cancellous Bone Structure

Estimation of bone quality using ultrasound based on pulse echo technique is easier because this technique only use a single transducer. However, the measurement of pulse echo technique is still less accurate compared to through transmission in terms of correlation with bone microstructure. Previous research shows that fast and slow waves can be reflected and backscattered and analysis these waves could improve pulse echo technique. Hence, the objective of this paper is to conduct a simulation using pulse echo technique to investigate the correlation between fast and slow waves with various microstructures of 2-dimentional cancellous bone models by comparing the result to through transmission technique. The recorded “incident” and “reflected” waves were processed with the bandlimited deconvolution method to estimate fast and slow waves. The parameters for single modes, fast and slow waves for incident and reflected wave are calculated, plotted against porosity for several thicknesses and compared in terms of their correlation coefficient. The attenuation of incident and reflected fast wave shows a good correlation with porosity for both orientations of bone models. Wave propagation for parallel orientation dominated by incident and reflected fast wave, meanwhile, perpendicular orientation dominated by incident slow wave. The thickness factor affected amplitude but less affected attenuation of fast and slow waves. Due to propagation loss, the reflected wave shows lower correlation to porosity compared to the incident wave.