Global Scenario of Remediation Techniques to Combat Environmental Pollution

Modernization and industrialization have undoubtedly led to tremendous progress in the development process of countries, but the same has paved way for the pollution of environment as well. Similar advancements are necessary for the development of nations, but pollution-free environment is important for the well-being of living beings. Sustainability of life on Earth is only possible if balance is maintained in the ecosystems, which is threatened by the environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is a global issue which can take heavy toll on living population if left uncontrolled. Various remediation techniques devised across the world to tackle environmental pollution are discussed in this chapter. The techniques for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater is discussed under ex situ remediation techniques (dig and dump technique, pump-and-treat technique, incineration technique, oxidation technique, adsorption, ion exchange, pyrolysis remediation technique, physical separation technique, dehalogenation technique, bioremediation technique, solidification remediation technique, constructed wetlands), and in situ remediation techniques (biological treatments, physical or chemical treatments, thermal treatments) besides techniques for remediation of air pollution and emerging technologies (nanotechnology, microbial fuel cell technology, ultrasonic technology) have been taken into account.