Gene-nutrient interactions and gender may modulate the association between ApoA1 and ApoB gene polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome risk

Abstract Objective Dyslipidemia is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is determined by both genetic and dietary factors. Methods We determined the relationships between ApoA1 and ApoB polymorphisms and MetS risk, and whether dietary fat modulates this in the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls ( n =1754). Results ApoB rs512535 and ApoA1 rs670 major G allele homozygotes had increased MetS risk (OR 1.65 [CI 1.24, 2.20], P =0.0006; OR 1.42 [CI 1.08, 1.87], P =0.013), which may be, partly, explained by their increased abdominal obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity ( P ApoB rs512535 OR 1.92 [CI 1.31, 2.81], P =0.0008; ApoA1 rs670 OR 1.50 [CI 1.05, 2.12], P =0.024). MetS risk was exacerbated among the habitual high-fat consumers (>35% energy) ( ApoB rs512535 OR 2.00 [CI 1.14, 3.51], P =0.015; OR 1.58 [CI 1.11, 2.25], P =0.012 for ApoA1 rs670). In addition a high monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake (>14% energy) increased MetS risk (OR 1.89 [CI 1.08, 3.30], P =0.026 and OR 1.57 [CI 1.10, 2.40], P =0.014 for ApoB rs512535 and ApoA1 rs670, respectively). MetS risk was abolished among the habitual low-fat consumers ( Conclusion ApoB rs512535 and ApoA1 rs670 may influence MetS risk. Apparent modulation of these associations by gender and dietary fat composition suggests novel gene-gender-diet interactions.