A new approach to thermo-mechanical treatment of steel T91 by multiple upsetting-extrusion in a ferritic range

Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of the ferritic-martensitic steel T91 after severe plastic deformation (SPD) and subsequent thermal treatment are investigated. SPD was realized by the method of multiple “upsetting-extrusion” (MUE) in temperature range of stability of ferritic phase (750-575 °C), thermal treatment of SPD specimens was carried out at temperatures 550–730 °C during 1–100 h. It is revealed that decrease of temperature of “upsetting-extrusion” and increase of cycle number to 5 induces the decrease of mean grain size to 145 nm and increase of degree of microstructure homogeneity. At the same time microhardness increases from 1800 MPa to 2850 MPa. Composition, shape, size and density of carbide precipitates in steel after SPD and thermal treatment are determined. Obtained submicron grain ferritic microstructure with high value of microhardness is stable at exposure temperature of 550 °C. It is shown that temperature variation of thermal treatment induces the considerable change in grain size and mechanical characteristics.