Multi-layered TiO2 nanostructured films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Multi-layered TiO2 nanostructured films were fabricated to improve the light harvest efficiency of the dye-adsorbed TiO2 electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by light scattering. Three different structures of TiO2 electrodes, with layers consisting of TiO2 pastes with average diameters of 9, 20, and 300 nm, respectively, were fabricated and their photovoltaic effects on the DSSC devices were investigated. By utilizing the multi-layered TiO2 electrode constructed using the three different TiO2 pastes, the overall power conversion efficiency of the DSSC devices in the PEG-based electrolyte was increased to 5.24% under irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 at AM 1.5.