Processes Simulation and Environmental Evaluation of Biofuel Production Via Co-Pyrolysis of Tropical Agricultural Waste

Co-pyrolysis of various biomasses is beneficial by offering advantages such as better quality and yield of synthetic fuels than conventional pyrolysis due to synergistic effects. Furthermore, considering the lack of practical application of this technology, a tool for quick and good accuracy estimation is necessary for producing synthetic fuels based on co-pyrolysis of biomass. This study presents an integrated model of co-pyrolysis in ASPEN Plus for the production of added value fuel to determine the operating conditions for optimized process performance. The scheme for the design and modeling of each main unit equipment in the system is outlined in detail. The simulation run was performed based on the experimental result from Py-GC/MS analysis to achieve optimum performance on process design, including (a) maximum yields of product and (b) full utilization of by-products and recovery streams. Simulation results revealed 66% and 35% efficiencies, respectively, for co-pyrolysis plant and biorefinery from the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm kernel shell (PKS) by the ratio of 0.8EFB/0.2PKS. Finally, a life cycle analysis was conducted to identify challenges and impact factors that lead to environmental impacts within the processing system.