Diversity of Seven Glutenin and Secalin Loci within Triticale Cultivars Grown in France

Analysis by SDS-PAGE of the majority of hexapoid triticales (× Triticosecale) (134 cultivars) grown in Europe allowed to identify 40 alleles at seven loci: Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-R1, Gli-R2, Glu-B2, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3. Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 loci were the most polymorphic with 9 alleles at each locus. 95 allelic combinations were observed including 71 specific for one cultivar each. On the basis of allelic frequencies at the seven loci, genetic distances between hexapoid triticales grouped according to their origins revealed two clusters: winter triticales mostly originating from European germplasm and spring triticales essentially of CIMMYT origin. Comparison of allele frequencies between hexaploid triticale cultivars and a world collection of bread (Triticum aestivum) and durum (Triticum durum) wheat was investigated at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1: only a significant association was found for Glu-A1 alleles (γ2=2.26, p=0.36) between triticale and bread wheat.