The size effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on a printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell

The size effect of the TiO2 photoanode has been investigated on the hole-conductor-free fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on the carbon counter electrode and (5-AVA)x(MA)1−xPbI3 perovskite. With TiO2 nanoparticles with an optimized diameter of 25 nm, a champion device exhibits an efficiency of 13.41%.