Utilisation des feuilles de Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae) dans la prévention de l’hypercoagulation chez les drépanocytaires: identification de composés phénoliques potentiellement anticoagulant et antiagrégant plaquettaire

Ficus sycomorus est utilise en medecine traditionnelle au Burkina Faso dans le traitement de diverses pathologies dont la drepanocytose. Les objectifs de cette etude consistaient d’une part a tester in vitro les effets du decocte aqueux et du macere hydroethanolique des feuilles sur les temps de coagulation sanguine et de formation d’agregat plaquettaire, et d’autre part a identifier par HPLC-MS les composes majoritaires. Les resultats ont montre la formation d’agregat plaquettaire dans le plasma riche en plaquette au bout de 5,27 min en absence d’extrait de la plante et apres l’addition d’acide arachidonique. La coagulation du sang des sujets drepanocytaires SS, SC ainsi que celui du sujet sain AA a ete observee respectivement au bout de 6,37 ± 1,6 min ; 7,76 ± 2 min et 11,55 ± 0,8 min en absence d’extrait de la plante. Cependant, en presence des extraits a differentes concentrations (10 ; 20 et 50 mg/mL), aucune formation d’agregat plaquettaire, ni de coagulation n’a ete observee. Les donnees spectrales ont permis d’identifier 07 composes phenoliques et leurs isomeres de formules brutes C 21 H 20 O 11 , C 21 H 20 O 12 , C 21 H 17 O 13 , C 16 H 18 O 9 et C 18 H 31 NO 3 dans les feuilles de cette plante. La presence de ces composes phenoliques justifierait la capacite des extraits a ralentir une coagulation excessive. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Mots cles: Drepanocytose, plante medicinale, coagulation, flavonoides, acides phenoliques English Title:  Use of leaves of Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae) in the prevention of hypercoagulation in sickle cell patients: identification of phenolic compounds potentially anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregation English Abstract Ficus sycomorus is used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of various diseases including sickle cell disease. The objectives of this study were on the one hand to test in vitro the effects of aqueous decoction and hydroethanol macerate of the leaves on blood clotting and platelet aggregation times, and on the other hand to identify by HPLC-MS the majority compounds. The results showed platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma after 5.27 min in the absence of plant extract and after addition of arachidonic acid. Coagulation of blood of SS, SC, and healthy AA subjects was observed after 6.37 ± 1.6 min, 7.76 ± 2 min and 11.55 ± 0.8 min respectively in the absence of plant extracts. However, in the presence of extracts at different concentrations (10, 20 and 50 mg/mL), no formation of platelet aggregates or coagulation was observed. The spectral data identified 07 phenol compounds and their isomers of the formulas C 21 H 20 O 11 , C 21 H 20 O 12 , C 21 H 17 O 13 , C 16 H 18 O 9 and C 18 H 31 NO 3 in the leaves of this plant. The presence of these phenolic compounds would justify the ability of extracts to slow down excessive coagulation. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, medicinal plants, coagulation, flavonoids, phenolic acids