The Effect of Surface Roughness on XRF and XRD: Modelling and Experiment

Both remote and in situ x-ray spectrometry plays an important role in the geochemical exploration of solar system bodies. In order to accurately interpret data from x-ray instruments, the effects of shadowing and surface roughness must be taken into account. Detailed modelling and experimental studies are required in order to disentangle the factors which contribute to the observed x-ray signature.