Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

The meteoric rise of perovskite single-junction solar cells has been accompanied by similar stunning developments in perovskite tandem solar cells. Debuting with efficiencies less than 14% in 2014, silicon–perovskite solar cells are now above 25% and will soon surpass record silicon single-junction efficiencies. Unconstrained by the Shockley–Quiesser single-junction limit, perovskite tandems suggest a real possibility of true third-generation thin-film photovoltaics; monolithic all-perovskite tandems have reached 18% efficiency and will likely pass perovskite single-junction efficiencies within the next 5 years. Inorganic–organic metal–halide perovskites are ideal candidates for inclusion in tandem solar cells due to their high radiative recombination efficiencies, excellent absorption, long-range charge-transport, and broad ability to tune the bandgap. In this progress report, the development of perovskite tandem cells is reviewed, with presentation of their key motivations and challenges. In detail, it presents an overview of recombination layer materials, bandgap-tuneability, transparent contact architectures, and perovskite compounds for use in tandems. Theoretical estimates of efficiency for future tandem and triple-junction perovskite cells are presented, outlining roadmaps for future focused research.