Fabrication of Titanium–Tin Oxide Nanocomposite with Enhanced Adsorption and Antimicrobial Applications

The binary nanocomposite (BNC) was synthesized by using SnCl2·5H2O and C12H28O4Ti precursors and characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The characterization results confirm the successful synthesis of binary nanocomposite with size of about 15 nm. The synthesized binary nanocomposite (BNC) was evaluated for lead ions (Pb2+) removal from aqueous solution and antimicrobial activities. The maximum adsorption capacities of 68.36, 68.81, and 70.01 mgg–1 of lead (Pb2+) ions were detected at 293, 303, and 313 K, respectively. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to the adsorption data, and the high regression value (R2) suggests that the Langmuir model describes the adsorption data better than the Freundlich model. The qm and Kb values revealed that the binary nanocomposite exhibits good ads...