Effect of the electric field of an ion on the work of formation of a nucleus during first-order phase transitions

A mathematical model for describing the effect of the electric field of an ion or a free electron on the vapor (liquid)-solid phase transition was proposed. Analytical expressions showing how an electric field influences the work of formation of a critical nucleus were obtained for an ion located inside or outside the new phase nucleus. It was demonstrated that, in some cases, the effect of such a field on the work of formation of the critical nucleus and nucleation probability can be significant and should be taken into account.