A detailed proof and investigation of the bulk-boundary correspondence in the generic two-band model of Chern insulators.

With the inclusion of arbitrary long-range hopping and (pseudo)spin-orbit coupling amplitudes, we formulate a generic model that can describe any two-dimensional two-band bulk insulators, thus providing a simple framework to investigate arbitrary adiabatic deformations upon the systems of any arbitrary Chern numbers. Without appealing to advanced techniques, we obtain a mathematically elementary yet rigorous proof of the bulk-boundary correspondence on a strip, which is robust against any adiabatic deformations upon the bulk Hamiltonian and any uniform edge perturbation along the edges. The elementary approach not only is more transparent about the underlying physics but also reveals various intriguing nontopological features of Chern insulators that have remained unnoticed or unclear. Particularly, if a certain condition is satisfied (as in most renowned models), the loci of edge bands in the energy spectrum and their (pseudo)spin polarizations can be largely inferred from the bulk Hamiltonian alone without invoking any numerical computation for the energy spectrum of a strip.