Current Trends in the Improvement and Development of Catalyst Preparation Methods

The state of the art in the scientific foundations of catalyst preparation is analyzed. New lines and trends in the development of conventional catalyst preparation methods that have appeared in the last 10–15 years are discussed. The theoretical and experimental foundations of the syntheses of porous materials by the sol-gel processing of alkoxides are considered. The synthesis of fine MgO aerogel, which is a unique destructive sorbent and catalyst, is described as one of the numerous examples of the use of this method in combination with supercritical drying. The synthesis of complex oxide and supported metallic catalysts by the sol-gel method is analyzed. Some new approaches to active catalyst deposition are considered, including the deposition-precipitation method. Unconventional methods of catalyst preparation are classified. Tasks are formulated for the development of the scientific basis of these methods.