Disseminated nocardiosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy: quick and accurate diagnostic approach.

Nocardia is an uncommon pathogen in immunocompetent patients; however, it has been increasingly recognized as a significant opportunistic pathogen in organ transplant patients. Diagnosis of Nocardiosis is usually made by microbiologic culture or cytologic examination of pulmonary specimens including, sputum, and brushing/washings or by histologic evaluation of tissue biopsy material. We report a case of subcutaneous Nocardiosis diagnosed by Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA). The patient is a 66-year-old man with a history of lung transplantation and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder who presented with subcutaneous masses in the right upper arm and the left shoulder. FNA was performed in an outpatient clinic setting, with immediate morphologic assessment revealing filamentous branching organisms suspicious for Nocardiosis. Subsequent examination with special stains and microbiologic culture confirmed the diagnosis. The quick and accurate diagnosis by FNA led to emergent and appropriate treatment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34: 768–771. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.