Effects of unconventional recreational drug use in pregnancy

Abstract Recreational drug toxicity is a rapidly evolving aspect in clinical practice. The prevalence of recreational drug abuse in the past decade has achieved an epidemic scale due to invention of new agents and ease of accessibility to the abused drugs. “Unconventional recreational drugs” is the term that includes new psychoactive drugs and medications diverted for recreational goals. Misuse of unconventional recreational drugs during pregnancy can affect both the pregnant woman and the fetus. However, the problems are usually unrecognized and overlooked by healthcare professionals. In this articles, obstetric complications, teratogenicity and neonatal abstinence syndrome from exposure during pregnancy to synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, tramadol, kratom, olanzapine, quetiapine, ketamine and ketamine are reviewed. The main purpose is to create awareness about maternal, fetal and neonatal effects of these unconventional recreational drugs, so healthcare professionals will have improved vigilance for these under-recognized issues.