Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics in Regenerative Medicine

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, cell-released vesicles which contain lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids derived from the parental cells. EVs play an important role in intercellular communication and influence both physiological and pathological conditions. They are increasingly explored as potential therapeutic agents since they can cross biological barriers, their cargo is protected from degradation and they are involved in the transfer of bioactive components. EVs can promote tissue regeneration and might be alternatives to cell therapy. They can be used both in their native form, and as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. However, there are many hurdles to overcome for broad clinical application of EVs as therapeutics. Here, we review recent conditions regarding EVs therapeutics in regenerative medicine.