Industrial Symbiosis at the Bazancourt-Pomacle Biorefinery

Industrial ecology, or industrial symbiosis, concerns the synergy developed between different actors in an integrated biorefinery. This synergy mainly takes the form of exchanges of by-products in an industrial cascading process, where the product of one of the industrial firms (an output) becomes an input for another. This cascade can continue through several levels in the case of vertical integration. Some exchanges can take the form of services (R&D, waste treatment, shared staff restaurant, joint purchases, staff secondment…).