Decorin

163413179ENSG00000011465ENSMUSG00000019929P07585P28654NM_133507NM_001190451NM_007833NP_598014NP_001177380NP_031859Decorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCN gene.1xcd: Dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 11xec: Dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 21xku: Crystal structure of the dimeric protein core of decorin, the archetypal small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan Decorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCN gene. Decorin is a proteoglycan that is on average 90 - 140 kilodaltons (kDa) in molecular weight. It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS). Decorin is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin and biglycan are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. This protein is a component of connective tissue, binds to type I collagen fibrils, and plays a role in matrix assembly. Decorin's name is a derivative of both the fact that it 'decorates' collagen type I, and that it interacts with the 'd' and 'e' bands of fibrils of this collagen. Decorin appears to influence fibrillogenesis, and also interacts with fibronectin, thrombospondin, the complement component C1q, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Decorin has been shown to either enhance or inhibit the activity of TGF-beta 1. The primary function of decorin involves regulation during the cell cycle. It has been involved in the regulation of autophagy, of endothelial cell and inhibits angiogenesis. This process is mediated by a high-affinity interaction with VEGFR2 ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) which leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor gene called PEG3. Other angiogenic growth factors that decorin inhibits are angiopoietin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Decorin has recently been established as a myokine. In this role, it promotes muscle hypertrophy by binding with myostatin. Keloid scars have decreased decorin expression compared to healthy skin. Development of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy is dependent on export and extracellular deposition of truncated decorin.