Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition in which involuntary muscle spasm prevents vaginal penetration. This often results in pain with attempts at sex. Often it begins when sexual intercourse is first attempted. Vaginismus is a condition in which involuntary muscle spasm prevents vaginal penetration. This often results in pain with attempts at sex. Often it begins when sexual intercourse is first attempted. The underlying cause is generally a fear that penetration will hurt. Risk factors include a history of sexual assault, endometriosis, vaginitis, or a prior episiotomy. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and examination. It requires there to be no anatomical or physical problems and a desire for penetration on the part of the woman. Treatment may include behavior therapy such as graduated exposure therapy and gradual vaginal dilatation. Surgery is not generally indicated. Botulinum toxin is being studied. About 0.5% of women are affected. Outcomes are generally good with treatment. Severity and pain during vaginal penetration varies. Vaginismus occurs when penetrative sex or other vaginal penetration cannot be experienced without pain. It is commonly discovered among teenage girls and women in their early twenties, as this is when many girls and young women first attempt to use tampons, have penetrative sex, or undergo a Pap smear. Awareness of vaginismus may not happen until vaginal penetration is attempted. Reasons for the condition may be unknown.