Eukaryotic release factors

1DT9, 2HST, 2KTU, 2KTV, 2LGT, 2LLX, 3E1Y, 3J5Y, 4D5N, 4D61, 2MQ6, 2MQ9, 3JAG, 3JAH, 3JAI, 5A8L2107225363ENSG00000120705ENSMUSG00000024360P62495Q8BWY3NM_001364160NM_144866NP_001351089NP_659115Eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 (eRF1), also known asTB3-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETF1 gene. Eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 (eRF1), also known asTB3-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETF1 gene. In eukaryotes, this is the only release factor (eRF) which recognizes all three stop codons. The overall process of termination is similar in prokaryotes, but in the latter 2 separate codon-recognizing release factors exist, RF1 and RF2. Termination of protein biosynthesis and release of the nascent polypeptide chain are signaled by the presence of an in-frame stop codon at the aminoacyl site of the ribosome. The process of translation termination is universal and is mediated by protein release factors (RFs) and GTP. A class 1 RF recognizes the stop codon and promotes the hydrolysis of the ester bond linking the polypeptide chain with the peptidyl site tRNA, a reaction catalyzed at the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. Class 2 RFs, which are not codon specific and do not recognize codons, stimulate class 1 RF activity and confer GTP dependency upon the process. In prokaryotes, both class 1 RFs, RF1 and RF2, recognize UAA; however, UAG and UGA are decoded specifically by RF1 and RF2, respectively. In eukaryotes, eRF1, or ETF1, the functional counterpart of RF1 and RF2, functions as an omnipotent RF, decoding all 3 stop codons. This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.