The axillary sheath is a fibrous sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle, surrounded by the axillary fat. It is an extension of the prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia. The axillary sheath is a fibrous sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle, surrounded by the axillary fat. It is an extension of the prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia. A brachial plexus nerve block can be achieved by injecting anaesthetic into this area. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 586 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)