Insulin lispro

Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a type of manufactured insulin used to treat type I and type II diabetes. Typically it is taken around the time of eating. It is used by injection under the skin or within an insulin pump. Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours. Often a longer acting insulin like NPH is also needed. Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a type of manufactured insulin used to treat type I and type II diabetes. Typically it is taken around the time of eating. It is used by injection under the skin or within an insulin pump. Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours. Often a longer acting insulin like NPH is also needed. Common side effects include low blood sugar. Other serious side effects may include low blood potassium. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally safe. It works the same as human insulin by increasing the amount of glucose that tissues take in and decreasing the amount of glucose made by the liver. Insulin lispro was first approved for use in the United States in 1996. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £1.89 per 100 units as of 2019. In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$30.00. In 2016 it was the 100th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 7 million prescriptions. Insulin lispro is used to treat people with Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes. People doing well on regular insulin should not generally be changed to insulin lispro. Common side effects include skin irritation at the site of injection, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and lipodystrophy. Other serious side effects include anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions. Do not administer insulin lispro during episodes of hypoglycemia, or if a person has a hypersensitivity to insulin lispro or any of its excipients. Through recombinant DNA technology, the final lysine and proline residues on the C-terminal end of the B-chain are reversed. This modification does not alter receptor binding, but blocks the formation of insulin dimers and hexamers. This allows larger amounts of active monomeric insulin to be immediately available for postprandial injections. In the United States, in 2015, the cost was between $10.06 and $29.36 per 100 units. In April of 2019, Eli Lilly and Company announced they would produce a version selling for $137.35 per vial, about half the current cost. The chief executive said that this was a contribution 'to fix the problem of high out-of-pocket costs for Americans living with chronic conditions', but Patients for Affordable Drugs Now said this was just a public relations move, as 'other countries pay $20 for a vial of insulin.” The cost in the UK was between £1.66 (about $2.50) and £1.96 (about $3.00) per 100 units, in 2017.