Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) is one form of intracerebral bleeding in which there is bleeding within brain parenchyma. The other form is intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).Clinical manifestations of intraparenchymal hemorrhage are determined by the size and location of hemorrhage, but may include the following:In younger patients, vascular malformations, specifically AVMs and cavernous angiomas are more common causes for hemorrhage. In addition, venous malformations are associated with hemorrhage.Nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage most commonly results from hypertensive damage to blood vessel walls e.g.:- hypertension- eclampsia- drug abuse,but it also may be due to autoregulatory dysfunction with excessive cerebral blood flow e.g.:- reperfusion injury- hemorrhagic transformation- cold exposure- rupture of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM)- arteriopathy (e.g. cerebral amyloid angiopathy, moyamoya)- altered hemostasis (e.g. thrombolysis, anticoagulation, bleeding diathesis)- hemorrhagic necrosis (e.g. tumor, infection)- venous outflow obstruction (e.g. cerebral venous sinus thrombosis).Nonpenetrating and penetrating cranial trauma can also be common causes of intracerebral hemorrhage.Computed tomography (CT scan): A CT scan may be normal if it is done soon after the onset of symptoms. A CT scan is the best test to look for bleeding in or around your brain. In some hospitals, a perfusion CT scan may be done to see where the blood is flowing and not flowing in your brain. Intracerebral hemorrhages is a severe condition requiring prompt medical attention. Treatment goals include lifesaving interventions, supportive measures, and control of symptoms. Treatment depends on the location, extent, and cause of the bleeding. Often, treatment can reverse the damage that has been done.