Penicilliosis

Talaromycosis (formerly known as penicilliosis or penicillosis) is an infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei. Talaromycosis (formerly known as penicilliosis or penicillosis) is an infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei. The most common symptoms are fever, skin lesions, anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. Diagnosis is usually made by identification of the fungus from clinical specimens. Biopsies of skin lesions, lymph nodes, and bone marrow demonstrate the presence of organisms on histopathology. Talaromyces marneffei demonstrates in vitro susceptibility to multiple antifungal agents including ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, flucytosine, and amphotericin B. Without treatment patients have a poor prognosis; death occur by liver failure as the fungus releases toxins in the bloodstream. The elevation of liver enzyme in the blood helps to establish a diagnosis. Once considered rare, its occurrence has increased due to AIDS. It is now the third most common opportunistic infection (after extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcosis) in HIV-positive individuals within the endemic area of Southeast Asia.