Next-generation network services is a jargon term with no specific meaning. The term is used, in some telecommunication communities, in a loose way to refer to services that have not traditionally been provided by telecommunication operators circuit switched networks. Services include VoIP, IPTV, presence-based applications, instant messaging and location-based services. All of these example services are deployed and used on the Internet or private IP networks and access is available to them from traditional circuit switched networks. Next-generation network services is a jargon term with no specific meaning. The term is used, in some telecommunication communities, in a loose way to refer to services that have not traditionally been provided by telecommunication operators circuit switched networks. Services include VoIP, IPTV, presence-based applications, instant messaging and location-based services. All of these example services are deployed and used on the Internet or private IP networks and access is available to them from traditional circuit switched networks.