Cryolipolysis

Fat removal procedures are used mostly in cosmetic surgery to remove unwanted adipose tissue. The procedure may be invasive, as with liposuction, or noninvasive using laser therapy, radiofrequency, ultrasound or cold (cryoablation) to reduce fat, sometimes in combination with injections. Fat removal procedures are used mostly in cosmetic surgery to remove unwanted adipose tissue. The procedure may be invasive, as with liposuction, or noninvasive using laser therapy, radiofrequency, ultrasound or cold (cryoablation) to reduce fat, sometimes in combination with injections. Fat is sometimes removed from one location to another on a person in an autograft, such as in some breast reconstruction and breast augmentation procedures. These techniques are distinct from bariatric surgery, which aims to treat obesity by minimizing food consumption or by interfering with the absorption of food during digestion. They are distinct from injection lipolysis, which depends on device-based procedures, while injection lipolysis relies solely on injections marketed as causing lipolysis. Liposuction is a type of cosmetic surgery that removes fat from the human body in an attempt to change its shape. Evidence does not support an effect on weight beyond a couple of months and it does not appear to affect obesity related problems. In the United States it is the most commonly done cosmetic surgery. Serious complications include deep vein thrombosis, organ perforation, bleeding, and infection. Death occurs in about one per ten thousand cases. The procedure may be performed under general, regional, or local anesthesia. It then involves using a cannula and negative pressure to suck out fat. It is believed to work best on people with a normal weight and good skin elasticity. Focused thermal ultrasound techniques work by raising the tissue temperature above 56 °C, resulting in coagulative necrosis of adipocytes, with sparing of vessels and nerves. Passive heating of the skin may also induce collagen remodeling. Hydrolipoclasy is a technique that is being studied as an alternative to liposuction. It involves injecting a hypotonic solution into an area of fat and then subjecting it to ultrasound waves. Low level laser light reduces the stability of adipocyte cell membranes, allowing cells to release their stores of fat without damaging the cell. Radiofrequency devices work by producing an alternating flow, which creates an electric field over the skin. The electric field shifts polarity millions of times per second, that causes a change in orientation of charged particles.