Power user

A power user is a computer user who uses advanced features of computer hardware, operating systems, programs, or websites which are not used by the average user. A power user may not have extensive technical knowledge of the systems they use and may not be capable of computer programming or system administration, but is rather characterized by the competence or desire to make the most intensive use of computer programs or systems. In enterprise software systems, 'Power User' may be a formal role given to an individual who is not a programmer, but who is a specialist in business software. Often these are people who retain their normal user job role, but also function in testing, training, and first-tier support of the enterprise software. Users may erroneously label themselves as power users when they are less than fully competent. A power user is a computer user who uses advanced features of computer hardware, operating systems, programs, or websites which are not used by the average user. A power user may not have extensive technical knowledge of the systems they use and may not be capable of computer programming or system administration, but is rather characterized by the competence or desire to make the most intensive use of computer programs or systems. In enterprise software systems, 'Power User' may be a formal role given to an individual who is not a programmer, but who is a specialist in business software. Often these are people who retain their normal user job role, but also function in testing, training, and first-tier support of the enterprise software. Users may erroneously label themselves as power users when they are less than fully competent. Some software applications are often regarded as particularly suited for power users, and may even be designed as such, due to their inclusion of sophisticated function and feature sets not typically found in other comparable applications. Examples include VLC media player, a multimedia framework/player/server, which includes a complex, feature-rich, and highly customisable interface (and multiple interfaces moreover, beyond simple skinning) with numerous built-in capabilities not typically deemed useful or even understandable to users in the context of other media player suites such as Windows Media Player or iTunes, and not required by programmers, who can often write a script using a library more easily than interacting with a complex application program such as VLC. User testing for software often focuses on inexperienced or regular users. Power users can require different user interface elements compared to regular users, as they may need less help and fewer cues. A power user might use a program full-time, compared to a casual or occasional users, and thus a program which caters to power users will typically include features that make the interface easier for experts to use, even if these features might be mystifying to beginners. A typical example is extensive keybindings, like Ctrl+F or Alt+Enter; having keyboard bindings and shortcuts for many functions is a hallmark of power-user centric software design, as it enables users who put forth more effort to learn the shortcuts to operate the program quickly without removing their hands from the keyboard. Power users typically want to operate the software with few interactions, or as fast as possible, and also be able to perform tasks in a precise, exactly-reproducible way, where casual users may be happy if the program can be intuitively made to do approximately what they wanted. To aid in the automation of repetitive tasks during heavy usage, power-user centric interfaces often provide the ability to compose macros, and program functions may be pre-conceived to with the intention that they will be used programmatically in scripting. In general, the notion is that interface design may have to make trade-offs between the acceptability of confusing beginners versus the acceptability of annoying experts or power users. These concerns may overlap partially with the blinking twelve problem, a well-known conundrum of interface design in which engineers who design computer programs often have a poor grasp what users do and don't know about their software: because the implicit goal of bringing a software product to market is to ensure most users will always be beginners (as implied by the hope that the product's market share will continually grow), it may be extremely difficult to both appease naive users who want software to be intuitive-to-understand, and power users, who want software which, once well-understood, enables them to leverage the greatest use out of it. A 'simple' intuitive interface often increases the complexity of a program and impedes its efficient use, while a 'complex' interface may be more efficient if it does a better job of exposing the functionality of the program. For example, a program with huge numbers of keyboard shortcuts may seem to be needlessly complex, but may in fact be much easier to use for a power user, since keyboards have far more buttons than mice, and a program where most of its behaviour is exposed via the keyboard will require fewer total button pushes than a program in which all functions and behaviour are only accessible via long sequences of mouse clicks to navigate menus. Providing both interfaces is an option, but in turn this requires greatly extended development time, and so trade-offs usually must be made. SAP and Oracle are well known enterprise systems which often require a complex set of training in order to gain professional certification. Because of this, and also to encourage engagement with the systems, many companies have created a 'Super User Model' (also called Power User, Champion) in order to take regular users and raise them to a level of leadership within the system. Doing this accomplishes three objectives: